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  THE IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ALGERIA: A QUARTERLY ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING THE ARDL MODEL (2016�2025)

  This study investigates the dynamic relationship between electronic payment indicators (e-POS terminal activity and online payments) and economic growth in Algeria, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the study addressed the limitations of a short time series by converting annual data ... This study investigates the dynamic relationship between electronic payment indicators (e-POS terminal activity and online payments) and economic growth in Algeria, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the study addressed the limitations of a short time series by converting annual data into quarterly frequency via statistical interpolation, resulting in a sample of 35 observations. The Bounds Test results demonstrated the absence of a longrun cointegrating relationship, suggesting that Algeria's digital payment sector remains in a transitional phase and has not yet attained structural maturity. However, short-run dynamics revealed a positive and statistically significant effect of e-POS activity at the 10% level, whereas online payments exhibited a significant negative effect. Diagnostic tests, including CUSUM, confirmed the structural stability of the model, which possesses an explanatory power (Adjusted R-squared) of 90%. The study emphasizes the necessity of localizing digital services and fostering financial inclusion to integrate the informal economy into the formal banking system. Key recommendations include strengthening cybersecurity, expanding digital payment infrastructure across regions, and encouraging financial innovation.

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  ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN TRADE IN BULGARIA

  This paper examines the nature, specific relationships, and interdependencies between Supply Chain Management (SCM) in trade and Enterprise Information Systems (EIS). The main objective is to investigate the current state and trends in the adoption of EIS for SCM in trading enterprises in Bulgaria and, on this basis, to identify the major ... This paper examines the nature, specific relationships, and interdependencies between Supply Chain Management (SCM) in trade and Enterprise Information Systems (EIS). The main objective is to investigate the current state and trends in the adoption of EIS for SCM in trading enterprises in Bulgaria and, on this basis, to identify the major influencing factors. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems. The study is based on publicly available data from the National Statistical Institute (NSI) and the findings of a questionnaire survey. The research thesis is that enterprise size has a significant influence on the choice of EIS. To examine the relationship between the number of employees and the implementation of ERP systems, one-way analysis of variance, the chi-square test, and regression analysis were employed. The research findings indicate a high level of Internet access among enterprises, relative stability in the implementation of ERP systems, and a decline in the use of CRM solutions.

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  STRATEGIC BENEFITS FROM SMART CITY INITIATIVES � A ROAD MAP FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSFORMATION

  The article presents an analysis of urban system modernization, focusing on smart strategies and solutions for sustainable development. The study is based on a three-stage methodology comprising theoretical analysis, strategic modeling, and an empirical assessment of the Bulgarian context. The research presents the smart city as a flexible ... The article presents an analysis of urban system modernization, focusing on smart strategies and solutions for sustainable development. The study is based on a three-stage methodology comprising theoretical analysis, strategic modeling, and an empirical assessment of the Bulgarian context. The research presents the smart city as a flexible organizational model. Emphasis is placed on the academic discussion regarding the process of policy integration in this field, the role of public-private partnerships, and the opportunities for overcoming infrastructure and workforce deficiencies at national level. The findings provide a rationale for a transition toward smart cities, a process based on achieving a balance between economic development, social equity, and environmental sustainability.