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  A holistic approach to examining the shadow economy

  The article provides a brief retrospection of the methods which are applied within the framework of various paradigm approaches for studying and explaining shadow economy practices in Europe and worldwide. The author offers and explains an original methodology for researching shadow economy, based on her experience with one of the Bulgarian teams ... The article provides a brief retrospection of the methods which are applied within the framework of various paradigm approaches for studying and explaining shadow economy practices in Europe and worldwide. The author offers and explains an original methodology for researching shadow economy, based on her experience with one of the Bulgarian teams working in the sphere of measuring illegal economic activities. The article proves that due to the complex and controversial nature of informal economic activities examining them requires the application of a holistic method. For this reason a combined research strategy has been developed. It uses a unified definition of shadow economy and is realized through a system of related sociological surveys while the primary, raw information is obtained through qualitative and quantitative methods. The overall conclusion resulting from the applied research strategy is that the study of shadow economy with the help of sociological approaches is methodologically consistent and constructive � both with respect to obtaining knowledge and the possibilities for developing and correcting national policies.

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  Tax Sovereignty, State Budget, Fiscal Discipline (from an expert and cultural studies viewpoint)

  The three concepts in the title of this article are fundamental to finance in general and to public finances in particular. Throughout their three-century history they have undergone an evolution that can also be assessed as negative. The purpose of this article is three-fold: first, to present the classical definition of these three concepts, ... The three concepts in the title of this article are fundamental to finance in general and to public finances in particular. Throughout their three-century history they have undergone an evolution that can also be assessed as negative. The purpose of this article is three-fold: first, to present the classical definition of these three concepts, second, to reveal the negative deviations from their classical definition, role, and importance and third, to justify the necessity and the expediency to revive their classical dimensions. As public finances in general, and their three categories, subject to examination and comment in this article have not only purely fiscal, but also political and socio-cultural dimensions, we pay the due attention to them, too. As far as all three studied and discussed financial categories are legally regulated, we wish to emphasize the recommendation of Aristotle about persistence of the law because "the easy alteration of existing laws in favor of new and different ones weakens the power of law itself�.

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  State and problems of Bulgarian tourism products on the European market

  The article analyses the state of tourism products and services related to destination Bulgaria. This objective is achieved by applying situation analysis which reveals the market positions occupied by Bulgarian tourism products in Europe. The object of research is the nature and characteristics of offering while the subject is connected to the ... The article analyses the state of tourism products and services related to destination Bulgaria. This objective is achieved by applying situation analysis which reveals the market positions occupied by Bulgarian tourism products in Europe. The object of research is the nature and characteristics of offering while the subject is connected to the �demand � supply� relation of tourism products for destination Bulgaria within the context of the various problems of tourism business in the country. The article also outlines the possibilities for success based on a critical analysis of results achieved for the period 2001 � 2011 by discussing issues such as the nature and structure of Bulgarian tourism product; the nature of offering of emitting markets important for destination Bulgaria; specific characteristics of offering with regard to tourist packages for organized trips to our country.