Economic Archive

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  SOLUTIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY

  The article is an attempt for scientific justification and analysis, which aim to determine the role of energy policy for the decisions and prospects for development of the energy sector in terms of its influence, benefits and disadvantages. Therefore, its subject is the policy implemented in the energy sector, which is used as a tool to guarantee ... The article is an attempt for scientific justification and analysis, which aim to determine the role of energy policy for the decisions and prospects for development of the energy sector in terms of its influence, benefits and disadvantages. Therefore, its subject is the policy implemented in the energy sector, which is used as a tool to guarantee energy security. Its object is the European Union as a whole and our country - the Republic of Bulgaria – as one of its member states. To achieve these objectives, the authors have made a retrospective analysis of the principles of energy policy analysing in detail the use of the regulatory means, frameworks and mechanisms as instruments of the energy policy of the EU and the Republic of Bulgaria, which aim to guarantee their energy security. The main focus is on the effect and effectiveness of the use of such tools from the point of view of the sectoral energy policy in terms of their implementation and impact on the current energy policy, the prospects for guaranteeing energy security, and the overall development of the energy sector.

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  ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND IMPACTS OF CRISES ON THE TAX BASE IN BULGARIA

  This study aims to examine the impacts of crises on the tax base of fiscal revenues from the perspective of taxpayers during Bulgaria's economic recovery post-pandemic. The applied research method involves a survey among individuals and legal entities, followed by data analysis using IBM SPSS. The findings confirm the specific intensity and ... This study aims to examine the impacts of crises on the tax base of fiscal revenues from the perspective of taxpayers during Bulgaria's economic recovery post-pandemic. The applied research method involves a survey among individuals and legal entities, followed by data analysis using IBM SPSS. The findings confirm the specific intensity and direction of various macroeconomic factors ranging from crises to opportunities for economic recovery. Notably, the pandemic has significantly eroded the tax base in Bulgaria, primarily through reduced sales, compounded by political instability domestically and the war in Ukraine. Conversely, respondents positively evaluate business support measures during the pandemic and anticipate potential benefits for taxpayers upon the country’s accession to the eurozone.

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  DEPENDENCE BETWEEN BASIC SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION AND THE SIZE OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON SOCIAL PROTECTION

  One of the serious public questions for years has been related to the size of government expenditure and government revenues and the formed government budget. The latter determines the amount of government intervention in the economy and the public goods provided by the state. The growth of government expenditure is influenced by various factors, ... One of the serious public questions for years has been related to the size of government expenditure and government revenues and the formed government budget. The latter determines the amount of government intervention in the economy and the public goods provided by the state. The growth of government expenditure is influenced by various factors, both on the demand side of public goods and on the supply side. In this context, in the present article the author's interest is focused on the study of the dependence between basic socio-demographic characteristics of the population and the size of government expenditure on social protection. The guiding working hypothesis for the research is that there is a positive relationship between government expenditure on social protection in the European Union (EU) Member States from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and basic socio-demographic characteristics of the population. The verification of the hypothesis is carried out in the following sequence: first, on the basis of a study of literary sources, quantitative indicators reflecting basic socio-demog-raphic characteristics of the population are substantiated; secondly, on the basis of the adopted indicators, socio-demographic population indices are calculated for the EU Member States from Central and Eastern Europe; third, the relationship between the government expenditure on social protection and the socio-demographic population index is measured by means of the coefficient of K. Pearson. The working hypothesis has been confirmed, as it has been established that there is a positive relationship between the studied variables in each year of the analyzed period 2017-2021. The values of the correlation coefficient during the period 2017-2021 in chronological order are as follows: 0.7336; 0.7128; 0.7011; 0.7006; 0.7063.